FX-II Scale for Evaluating Child Functioning in English and Spanish. The evaluation of functioning related to ADHD is important for all families, but it appears particularly relevant when working with culturally diverse families, such as Spanish-speaking Latinx families. Thus, we sought to develop and provide preliminary validation for a questionnaire evaluating functioning related to ADHD (i.e., the FX-II) with a particularly underserved group (i.e., Mexican youth). 191 Mexican raters completed the FX-II alongside measures of ADHD symptoms, impairment, cultural values, and demographics: 127 raters were caregivers of treatment-naïve youth (i.e., community sample); 32 raters were caregivers and 32 raters were teachers of youth participating in a school-based program for attention/behavior concerns (i.e., clinical sample). We created the 52-item FX-II Scale by adapting a culturally appropriate and psychometrically sound measure of impairment (i.e., the ADHD-FX) to assess functioning most relevant to Spanish-speaking families of children with ADHD (i.e., academic, social/emotional, and familial functioning). The FX-II demonstrated strong reliability, convergent and divergent construct validity, and predictive validity. The FX-II appears to be a beneficial tool for evaluating functioning related to ADHD in Mexican children and future validation efforts in broader populations are warranted.
The scale can be obtained in the Appendix of the PMID article below:
Haack, L. M., & Araujo, E. A. (2019). Culturally Appropriate Assessment of Functioning in Diverse Children: Development and Preliminary Validation of the FX-II Scale in Mexico. Journal of Attention Disorders, 23(6), 584-598. https://doi.org/10.1177/1087054717730613; PMID: 28929831
ADHD-FX Scale for Evaluating Child Impairment related to ADHD in English and Spanish. Consideration of functional impairment is crucial in all ADHD diagnostic decisions regardless of the child’s cultural background, and in addition, emphasizing functional impairment in ADHD assessments may be particularly beneficial for certain cultural groups, such as Latinx families. Thus, we developed the ADHD-FX scale to serve as an efficient and culturally sensitive measure of functional impairment related to ADHD. Thirty-two items were developed for the ADHD-FX as part of a bottom-up, mixed-method investigation of parental perceptions of problem recognition and functional impairment related to ADHD. Results of validation efforts suggest the ADHD-FX is a reliable and valid measure for parents and teachers to assess functional impairment related to ADHD (i.e., difficulties with academic achievement, social competence, and familial relationships) in community and clinical populations.
The scale can be obtained in the Appendix of the PMID article below:
Haack, L. M., Gerdes, A. C., Lawton, K. E., & Schneider, B. W. (2016). Understanding and measuring functional impairment in diverse children with ADHD: Development of the ADHD-FX Scale with an at-risk, community sample. Journal of Attention Disorders, 20(6), 487–500. https://doi.org/10.1177/1087054714527791; PMID: 24695438
More information on the psychometric properties can be found at the PMID articles below:
Haack, L. M., & Gerdes, A. C. (2017). Culturally appropriate assessment of functional impairment in diverse children: Validation of the ADHD-FX Scale with an at-risk, community sample. Journal of Attention Disorders, 21(11), 913-920. https://doi.org/10.1177/1087054714553021; PMID: 25300814
Haack, L. M., Gonring, K., Harris, M., Gerdes, A. C., & Pfiffner, L. J. (2019). Assessing impairment in childhood ADHD: Validation of the parent and teacher ADHD-FX rating scale in a dual-site clinical sample. Journal of Attention Disorders, 23(6), 541–552. https://doi.org/10.1177/1087054716659360; PMID: 27431931